{"id":1803,"date":"2020-05-29T14:30:03","date_gmt":"2020-05-29T14:30:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/chrystus.pl\/?p=1803"},"modified":"2020-05-29T14:30:03","modified_gmt":"2020-05-29T14:30:03","slug":"godzinki-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/chrystus.pl\/ko-kr\/godzinki-2\/","title":{"rendered":"\uc2dc\uac04"},"content":{"rendered":"

\uae30\ub3c5\uad50 \uad50\ud30c\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \ud558\ub8e8 \uc911 \ud2b9\uc815 \uc2dc\uac04\uc5d0 \ud558\ub294 \uae30\ub3c4\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

'\ub3d9\ubc29\ubc15\uc0ac\uc758 \uc22d\ubc30'\ub97c \uc124\uba85\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud574 \uac1c\ubd09\ud55c 15\uc138\uae30 \ud504\ub791\uc2a4 \uc2dc\uac04 \ucc45(MS13, \ub7f0\ub358 \uace0\uace0\ud559 \ud611\ud68c)\uc758 \uc11c\ub450\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. 1769\ub144 \uce7c\ub77c\uc77c \uc8fc\uad50\uc774\uc790 \uc18c\uc0ac\uc774\uc5b4\ud2f0 \ud68c\uc7a5(1765~8)\uc774\uc5c8\ub358 \ucc30\uc2a4 \ub9ac\ud2c0\ud134 \ubaa9\uc0ac\uac00 \uc18c\uc0ac\uc774\uc5b4\ud2f0\uc5d0 \uae30\uc99d\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

Godzinki s\u0105 popularn\u0105 w \u015bredniowieczu chrze\u015bcija\u0144sk\u0105 ksi\u0119g\u0105 dewocyjn\u0105. Jest to najcz\u0119stszy rodzaj zachowanego \u015bredniowiecznego r\u0119kopisu \u015bwietlnego. Jak ka\u017cdy manuskrypt, ka\u017cdy manuskrypt ksi\u0119gi godzinek jest unikalny w ten czy inny spos\u00f3b, ale wi\u0119kszo\u015b\u0107 zawiera podobny zbi\u00f3r tekst\u00f3w, modlitw i psalm\u00f3w, cz\u0119sto z odpowiednimi ozdobami, dla chrze\u015bcija\u0144skiej pobo\u017cno\u015bci. O\u015bwietlenie lub dekoracja jest minimalna w wielu przyk\u0142adach, cz\u0119sto ogranicza si\u0119 do ozdobionych du\u017cych liter na pocz\u0105tku psalm\u00f3w i innych modlitw, ale ksi\u0105\u017cki wykonane dla bogatych patron\u00f3w mog\u0105 by\u0107 niezwykle hojne, z ca\u0142ostronicowymi miniaturami. Ilustracje te \u0142\u0105czy\u0142yby w sobie malownicze sceny z \u017cycia wiejskiego z obrazami sakralnymi. Ksi\u0119gi godzinek by\u0142y zazwyczaj napisane po \u0142acinie (\u0142aci\u0144ska nazwa dla nich to horae), cho\u0107 wiele z nich jest napisanych w ca\u0142o\u015bci lub cz\u0119\u015bciowo w j\u0119zykach europejskich, zw\u0142aszcza w j\u0119zyku niderlandzkim. Angielski termin primer jest obecnie zwykle zarezerwowany dla tych ksi\u0105\u017cek, kt\u00f3re s\u0105 napisane w j\u0119zyku angielskim. Do dnia dzisiejszego zachowa\u0142y si\u0119 dziesi\u0105tki tysi\u0119cy ksi\u0105\u017cek godzinnych, w bibliotekach i prywatnych zbiorach na ca\u0142ym \u015bwiecie.<\/p>\n

\uc77c\ubc18\uc801\uc778 \uc2dc\uac04 \uae30\ub3c4\ub294 \uc218\ub3c4\uc6d0\uc5d0\uc11c \ub0ad\uc1a1\ud558\ub294 \uc2e0\uc131\ud55c \uc9c1\ubb34\ub97c \ud3ec\ud568\ud558\ub294 \ube0c\ub9ac\ube44\uc5b4(Breviary)\uc758 \ucd95\uc57d\ub41c \ud615\ud0dc\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774 \uae30\ub3c4\ub294 \uc218\ub3c4\uc6d0\uc758 \uc694\uc18c\ub97c \uc790\uc2e0\uc758 \uc2e0\uc559 \uc0dd\ud65c\uc5d0 \ud1b5\ud569\ud558\uace0\uc790 \ud558\ub294 \ud3c9\uc2e0\ub3c4\ub4e4\uc744 \uc704\ud574 \uac1c\ubc1c\ub418\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc804\ub840\uc758 \uc554\uc1a1\uc740 \uc77c\ubc18\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ub9ce\uc740 \uc2dc\ud3b8\uacfc \uae30\ud0c0 \uae30\ub3c4\ubb38\uc744 \ub0ad\uc1a1\ud558\ub294 \ub370 \uc911\uc810\uc744 \ub450\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub300\ud45c\uc801\uc778 \uc608\ub85c\ub294 \uad50\ud68c \uc808\uae30 \ub2ec\ub825, \uc0ac\ubcf5\uc74c\uc11c \ubc1c\ucdcc\ubcf8, \uc8fc\uc694 \uc808\uae30\ub97c \uc704\ud55c \ubbf8\uc0ac \ub3c5\uc11c, \ubcf5\ub418\uc2e0 \ub3d9\uc815 \ub9c8\ub9ac\uc544\uc758 \uc791\uc740 \uc0ac\ubb34\uc2e4, 15\uac1c\uc758 \ud559\uc704 \uc2dc\ud3b8, 7\uac1c\uc758 \ucc38\ud68c \uc2dc\ud3b8 \ub4f1\uc774 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4, \uad50\ub3c5\ubb38<\/a> \uc131\ub3c4, \uc8fd\uc740 \uc790\uc758 \uc0ac\ubb34\uc2e4, \uc2ed\uc790\uac00\uc758 \uc2dc\uac04.<\/p>\n

15\uc138\uae30\uc758 \ub300\ubd80\ubd84\uc758 \uc2dc\uac04 \ucc45\uc5d0\ub294 \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \uae30\ubcf8 \ub0b4\uc6a9\uc774 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub9c8\ub9ac\uc544 \uae30\ub3c4\ubb38\uc778 \uc635\uc138\ud06c\ub85c \ud14c('\uadf8\ub300\ub97c \uac04\uccad\ud558\uc624\ub2c8')\uc640 \uc624 \uc778\ud14c\uba54\ub77c\ud0c0('\ub354\ub7fd\ud600\uc9c0\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc740 \uc790')\uac00 \uc885\uc885 \ucd94\uac00\ub418\uc5c8\uace0, \ubbf8\uc0ac \ub54c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \ubb35\uc0c1\ubb38\uacfc \uc218\ub09c\uc5d0 \uad00\ud55c \ubb35\uc0c1\ubb38 \ub4f1\uc774 \uc120\ud0dd\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ucd94\uac00\ub418\uae30\ub3c4 \ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

\uc774 \uc218\uc900\uc758 \uc7a5\uc2dd\ub3c4 \ub300\ubd80\ubd84\uc758 \ucc45\ubcf4\ub2e4 \ud48d\ubd80\ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc, \ubcf5\uc81c\ud488\uc5d0\uc11c \uac00\uc7a5 \ud754\ud788 \ubcfc \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \uace0\uae09 \uc11c\uc801\uc758 \ub9ce\uc740 \uc591\uc758 \uc870\uba85\ubcf4\ub2e4\ub294 \uc801\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

\uc2dc\uac04\uc758 \uae30\ub3c4\ub294 \uc218\ub3c4\uc0ac\uc640 \uc218\ub140\uac00 \uc554\uc1a1\ud574\uc57c \ud588\ub358 \uc2dc\ud3b8\uc5d0\uc11c \uad81\uadf9\uc801\uc778 \uae30\uc6d0\uc744 \ucc3e\uc744 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. 12\uc138\uae30\uc5d0 \uc774\ub974\ub7ec \uc2dc\ud3b8, \uae30\ub3c4\ubb38, \ucc2c\uc1a1\uac00, \uad50\ub3c5\ubb38, \ub3c5\uc11c\ubb38\uc774 \uc804\ub840 \uacc4\uc808\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \ub9e4\uc8fc \ubc14\ub00c\ub294 \ube0c\ub9ac\ube44\uc5b4 \ud615\ud0dc\ub85c \ubc1c\uc804\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uacb0\uad6d, \uc77c\ubd80 \ud14d\uc2a4\ud2b8\ub294 \ud6e8\uc52c \uc9e7\uc740 \ubd84\ub7c9\uc73c\ub85c \uc81c\uc791\ub418\uc5b4 \uc73c\ub85c \uc54c\ub824\uc9c0\uac8c \ub418\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. 13\uc138\uae30 \ud6c4\ubc18\uc5d0 \uae30\ub3c4\uc11c\ub294 \uc138\uc18d\uc801\uc778 \uc0b6\uc744 \uc0ac\ub294 \ub0a8\ub140\ub97c \uc704\ud55c \uac1c\uc778 \uae30\ub3c4\uc11c\ub85c \uc778\uae30\ub97c \uc5bb\uac8c \ub418\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774 \ucc45\uc740 \uc131\uc9c1 \uc804\ub840\uc5d0 \uae30\ucd08\ud55c \uae30\ub3c4\ubb38, \uc2dc\ud3b8, \ucc2c\uc1a1\uac00, \uad50\ud6c8\uc73c\ub85c \uad6c\uc131\ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uac01 \ucc45\ub9c8\ub2e4 \ub0b4\uc6a9\uc774 \ub3c5\ud2b9\ud588\uc9c0\ub9cc, \ud558\ub8e8 \uc911 8\uac1c\uc758 \uc815\uc2dd \uc2dc\uac04\uc5d0 \ubc14\uce58\ub294 \uc131\ubaa8 \ub9c8\ub9ac\uc544\uc758 \uc2dc\uac04, \uc989 '\uae30\ub3c4\ud558\ub294 \uc2dc\uac04'\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \uc774\ub984\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc815\ub2f9\uc131\uc744 \uc81c\uacf5\ud558\ub294 \uc2e0\uc2ec\uc774 \ubaa8\ub450 \ud3ec\ud568\ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

\ub9ce\uc740 \uc2dc\uac04 \ucc45\uc774 \uc5ec\uc131\uc744 \uc704\ud574 \ub9cc\ub4e4\uc5b4\uc84c\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub54c\ub54c\ub85c \ub0a8\ud3b8\uc774 \ubc30\uc6b0\uc790\uc5d0\uac8c \uacb0\ud63c \uc120\ubb3c\ub85c \uc8fc\uc5c8\ub2e4\ub294 \uc99d\uac70\uac00 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub4e4\uc740 \uc885\uc885 \uc720\uc5b8\uc7a5\uc5d0 \uae30\ub85d \ub41c\ub300\ub85c \uac00\uc871\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574 \uc804\ud574\uc84c\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

\uc870\uba85\uc774 \uac00\uc7a5 \ub9ce\uc774 \ube44\ucdb0\uc9c4 \uc2dc\uac04 \ucc45\uc740 \uc5c4\uccad\ub098\uac8c \ube44\uc30c\uc9c0\ub9cc, \uc870\uba85\uc774 \uac70\uc758 \ub610\ub294 \uc804\ud600 \uc5c6\ub294 \uc791\uc740 \ucc45\uc774 15\uc138\uae30\uc5d0 \ud6e8\uc52c \ub354 \ub110\ub9ac \ubcf4\uae09\ub418\uace0 \uc810\uc810 \ub354 \ub9ce\uc774 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ub418\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uac00\uc7a5 \uc624\ub798 \uc0b4\uc544\ub0a8\uc740 \uc601\uc5b4\uc758 \uc608\ub294 1240\ub144\uacbd \uc625\uc2a4\ud37c\ub4dc \ub610\ub294 \uadf8 \uadfc\ucc98\uc5d0 \uc0ac\ub294 \ud3c9\uc2e0\ub3c4\ub97c \uc704\ud574 \uc4f0\uc5ec\uc9c4 \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \ubcf4\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ud604\ub300\uc758 \ubb38\uace0\ud310\ubcf4\ub2e4 \uc791\uc9c0\ub9cc \ud070 \uc774\ub2c8\uc15c\ub85c \ud06c\uac8c \uc870\uba85\ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\uc9c0\ub9cc \uc804\uccb4 \ud398\uc774\uc9c0 \ubbf8\ub2c8\uc5b4\ucc98\ub294 \uc5c6\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. 15 \uc138\uae30\uc5d0\ub294 \ud558\uc778\uc774 \uc790\uc2e0\uc758 \uc2dc\uac04 \ucc45\uc744 \uac00\uc9c0\uace0\uc788\ub294 \uc0ac\ub840\ub3c4 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. 1500\ub144\uc758 \ubc95\uc815 \uc0ac\uac74\uc5d0\uc11c \ud55c \uac00\ub09c\ud55c \uc5ec\uc131\uc774 \ud558\uc778\uc758 \uae30\ub3c4\uc11c\ub97c \ud6d4\uce5c \ud610\uc758\ub85c \uae30\uc18c\ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

\uc774 \ucc45\uc5d0\ub294 \uc8fc\uc778\uc744 \uc704\ud574 \ud2b9\ubcc4\ud788 \uc791\uace1\ub41c \uae30\ub3c4\ubb38\uc774 \ud3ec\ud568\ub41c \uacbd\uc6b0\ub294 \ub9e4\uc6b0 \ub4dc\ubb3c\uc9c0\ub9cc, \uae30\ub3c4\ubb38\uc5d0 \uc8fc\uc778\uc758 \uc774\ub984\uc744 \ud3ec\ud568\uc2dc\ud0a4\ub294 \ub4f1 \uc8fc\uc778\uc758 \ucde8\ud5a5\uc774\ub098 \uc131\ubcc4\uc5d0 \ub9de\uac8c \ud14d\uc2a4\ud2b8\uac00 \uc870\uc815\ub418\ub294 \uacbd\uc6b0\uac00 \ub354 \ub9ce\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc77c\ubd80\ub294 \uc8fc\uc778\uc744 \ubb18\uc0ac\ud558\ub294 \uc774\ubbf8\uc9c0\uac00 \ud3ec\ud568\ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\uace0 \uc77c\ubd80\ub294 \ubb38\uc7a5\uc774 \ud3ec\ud568\ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774\ub294 \ub2ec\ub825 \ubc0f \uc120\uace1\uc5d0\uc11c \uae30\ub150\ud558\ub294 \uc131\uc778\ub4e4\uacfc \ud568\uaed8 \uccab \ubc88\uc9f8 \uc18c\uc720\uc790\uc758 \uc2e0\uc6d0\uc744 \uc54c \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \uc8fc\uc694 \ub2e8\uc11c\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774\ubaac \ub354\ud53c\ub294 \uc774 \ucc45\ub4e4\uc774 \uc774 \ucc45\uc744 \uc758\ub8b0\ud55c \uc0ac\ub78c\uc744 \uc5b4\ub5bb\uac8c \ubc18\uc601\ud588\ub294\uc9c0 \uc124\uba85\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub294 '\uc774 \ucc45\ub4e4\uc758 \uac1c\uc778\uc801\uc778 \uc131\uaca9\uc740 \uc885\uc885 \uc18c\uc720\uc790\ub97c \uc704\ud574 \ud2b9\ubcc4\ud788 \uc791\uace1\ub418\uac70\ub098 \uac01\uc0c9\ub41c \uae30\ub3c4\ubb38\uc744 \ud3ec\ud568\ud568\uc73c\ub85c\uc368 \uc54c \uc218 \uc788\uc5c8\ub2e4'\uace0 \ub9d0\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub610\ud55c \uadf8\ub294 \"\ud604\uc874\ud558\ub294 \u300e\uc2dc\uac04\uc758 \ucc45\u300f \uc0ac\ubcf8\uc758 \uc808\ubc18 \uc815\ub3c4\uc5d0\ub294 \uc8fc\uc11d, \uc5ec\ubc31 \ub610\ub294 \uc5b4\ub5a4 \uc885\ub958\uc758 \ucd94\uac00 \uc0ac\ud56d\uc774 \uc788\ub2e4\"\uace0 \uc8fc\uc7a5\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \ucd94\uac00 \uc0ac\ud56d\uc740 \ub2e8\uc21c\ud788 \ud45c\uc900 \ub2ec\ub825\uc5d0 \uc9c0\uc5ed\uc801 \ub610\ub294 \uac1c\uc778\uc801 \ud6c4\uc6d0\uc790\ub97c \ud3ec\ud568\ud55c\ub2e4\ub294 \uc758\ubbf8\uc77c \uc218\ub3c4 \uc788\uc9c0\ub9cc, \uc18c\uc720\uc790\uac00 \ucd94\uac00\ud55c \uc2e0\uc559\uc801 \uc790\ub8cc\ub97c \ud3ec\ud568\ud558\ub294 \uacbd\uc6b0\uac00 \ub9ce\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc18c\uc720\uc790\ub294 \uc790\uc2e0\uc5d0\uac8c \uc911\uc694\ud55c \ub0a0\uc9dc\ub098 \uae30\uc5b5\ud558\uace0 \uc2f6\uc740 \uc77c\uc774 \uc788\uc5c8\ub358 \ub2ec\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uba54\ubaa8\ub97c \uc801\uc744 \uc218 \uc788\uc5c8\uace0, \uc2ec\uc9c0\uc5b4 \uc774 \ucc45\uc5d0 \uc788\ub294 \uc774\ubbf8\uc9c0\ub3c4 \uc9c0\uc5ed \uc131\uc778\uc774\ub098 \uc9c0\uc5ed \ucd95\uc81c\uc640 \uac19\uc774 \uc18c\uc720\uc790\uc5d0\uac8c \ub9de\uac8c \uac1c\uc778\ud654\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc801\uc5b4\ub3c4 15\uc138\uae30\uae4c\uc9c0\ub294 \ub124\ub35c\ub780\ub4dc\uc640 \ud30c\ub9ac\uc758 \uacf5\ubc29\uc5d0\uc11c \uac1c\ubcc4 \uc8fc\ubb38\uc744 \uae30\ub2e4\ub9ac\uc9c0 \uc54a\uace0 \ubcf4\uad00\ud558\uac70\ub098 \ubc30\ud3ec\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud574 \uc544\uc6cc\ubd81\uc744 \uc81c\uc791\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub54c\ub85c\ub294 \uc9c0\uc5ed \uc131\uc778\uc774\ub098 \ubb38\uc7a5\uacfc \uac19\uc740 \uac1c\uc778\ud654\ub41c \uc694\uc18c\ub97c \ucd94\uac00\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \uacf5\uac04\uc744 \ub0a8\uaca8\ub450\uae30\ub3c4 \ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

\uc804\ud1b5\uc801\uc778 \uc2dc\uac04 \ucc45\uc758 \uc2a4\ud0c0\uc77c\uacfc \ub808\uc774\uc544\uc6c3\uc740 13\uc138\uae30 \uc911\ubc18\uc744 \uc804\ud6c4\ub85c \uc810\uc810 \ud45c\uc900\ud654\ub418\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc0c8\ub85c\uc6b4 \uc2a4\ud0c0\uc77c\uc740 \uc0c1\uc5c5\uc801\uc778 \uc791\uc5c5\uc7a5\uc744 \uc6b4\uc601\ud588\ub358 \uc625\uc2a4\ud37c\ub4dc\uc758 \uc77c\ub8e8\ubbf8\ub124\uc774\ud130 \uc70c\ub9ac\uc5c4 \ub4dc \ube0c\ub77c\uc77c\uc988\uac00 \uc81c\uc791\ud55c \ucc45\uc5d0\uc11c \ubcfc \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4(\uadf8\ub294 \uc18c\ub7c9 \uc8fc\ubb38\uc744 \ubc1b\uc558\uc74c). \uadf8\uc758 \ucc45\uc5d0\ub294 \ud3c9\uc2e0\ub3c4\ub4e4\uc774 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub3c4\ub85d \uad50\ud68c \uc608\uc2dd\uc11c \ubc0f \uae30\ud0c0 \uc804\ub840\uc758 \ub2e4\uc591\ud55c \uce21\uba74\uc774 \ud3ec\ud568\ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \"\uc774 \ucc45\uc5d0\ub294 \uc601\uc6d0\ud55c \ub2ec\ub825, \ubcf5\uc74c\uc11c, \uc131\ubaa8 \ub9c8\ub9ac\uc544\uaed8 \ubc14\uce58\ub294 \uae30\ub3c4, \uc2ed\uc790\uac00\uc758 \uae38, \uc131\ub839\uaed8 \ubc14\uce58\ub294 \uae30\ub3c4, \ucc38\ud68c \uc2dc\ud3b8, \uad50\ub3c5\ubb38, \uc8fd\uc740 \uc790\ub97c \uc704\ud55c \uae30\ub3c4, \uc131\uc778\uc744 \uc704\ud55c \uc120\uace1 \ub4f1\uc774 \ud3ec\ud568\ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774 \ucc45\uc758 \ubaa9\uc801\uc740 \ub2e4\uc74c\uacfc \uac19\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc9c0\uc6d0<\/a> jego pobo\u017cnej patronce w uporz\u0105dkowaniu jej codziennego \u017cycia duchowego zgodnie z o\u015bmioma godzinami kanonicznymi, Matins to Compline, przestrzeganymi przez wszystkich pobo\u017cnych cz\u0142onk\u00f3w Ko\u015bcio\u0142a. Tekst, uzupe\u0142niony o rubryki, z\u0142ocenia, miniatury i pi\u0119kne iluminacje, stara\u0142 si\u0119 pobudzi\u0107 do medytacji nad tajemnicami wiary, nad ofiar\u0105 z\u0142o\u017con\u0105 przez Chrystusa dla cz\u0142owieka i nad okropno\u015bciami piek\u0142a, a szczeg\u00f3lnie podkre\u015bli\u0107 pobo\u017cno\u015b\u0107 do Dziewicy Maryi, kt\u00f3ra w XIII wieku by\u0142a w zenicie”. Uk\u0142ad ten by\u0142 utrzymywany przez lata, poniewa\u017c wielu arystokrat\u00f3w zleca\u0142o produkcj\u0119 w\u0142asnych ksi\u0105\u017cek.<\/p>\n

\uc7a5\uc2dd<\/p>\n

16\uc138\uae30 \ucd08 \uc0ac\uc774\uba3c \ubca0\ub2dd\uc758 \ub2ec\ub825 \uc0ac\uc774\ud074\uc5d0 \ub098\uc624\ub294 5\uc6d4\uc758 \uc804\uccb4 \ud398\uc774\uc9c0 \ubbf8\ub2c8\uc5b4\ucc98.
\n\ub9ce\uc740 \uc2dc\uac04 \ucc45\uc774 \ud48d\ubd80\ud55c \uc870\uba85\uc744 \uac16\ucd94\uace0 \uc788\uc5b4 15~16\uc138\uae30 \uc0dd\ud65c\uc758 \uc911\uc694\ud55c \uae30\ub85d\uc774\uc790 \uc911\uc138 \uae30\ub3c5\uad50\uc758 \ub3c4\uc0c1\ud559\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc815\ubcf4\ub97c \uc81c\uacf5\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc77c\ubd80\ub294 \ubcf4\uc11d, \ucd08\uc0c1\ud654, \uc804\ub839 \ubb38\uc7a5\uc73c\ub85c \uc7a5\uc2dd\ub418\uae30\ub3c4 \ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc77c\ubd80\ub294 \uc27d\uac8c \ud734\ub300\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub3c4\ub85d \ucf54\ub974\uc14b\uc73c\ub85c \uc81c\ubcf8\ub418\uc5c8\uc9c0\ub9cc, \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \uc81c\ubcf8\uc774\ub098 \ub2e4\ub978 \uc911\uc138 \uc81c\ubcf8\uc740 \uac70\uc758 \ub0a8\uc544 \uc788\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc288\ub8e8\uc988\ubca0\ub9ac \ubc31\uc791 \uc874 \ud0e4\ubc97\uc758 \ud0e4\ubc97 \uc544\uc6cc\uc988\uc640 \uac19\uc740 \uace0\uae09 \uc11c\uc801\uc5d0\ub294 \uae30\uc99d\uc790 \ucd08\uc0c1\ud654\uc758 \ud55c \ud615\ud0dc\ub85c \uc18c\uc720\uc790 \ub610\ub294 \uc774 \uacbd\uc6b0 \uadf8\uc758 \uc544\ub0b4\uac00 \uc131\ubaa8\uc640 \uc544\uc774\ub97c \uc22d\ubc30\ud558\uba70 \ubb34\ub98e\uc744 \uafc7\uace0 \uc788\ub294 \ucd08\uc0c1\ud654\uac00 \ud3ec\ud568\ub420 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uace0\uac00\uc758 \ucc45\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \ubbf8\ub2c8\uc5b4\ucc98 \uc8fc\uae30\uc5d0 \uc131\ubaa8\ub2d8\uc758 \uc5ec\ub35f \uc2dc\uac04\uc744 \uc7a5\uc2dd\ud558\ub294 \uc5ec\ub35f \uc7a5\uba74\uc758 \uc131\ubaa8\ub2d8 \uc0dd\uc560 \ub610\ub294 \uc218\ub09c\uacfc \ub2ec\ub825\uc744 \uc7a5\uc2dd\ud558\ub294 \ub2ec\uc758 \ubbf8\ub85c\uc640 \uc870\ub514\uc545\uc758 \uc9d5\ud6c4\ub97c \ubcf4\uc5ec\uc8fc\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub2ec\ub825 \uc8fc\uae30\uc758 \uc138\uc18d\uc801\uc778 \uc7a5\uba74\uc5d0\ub294 \uc2dc\uac04 \ucc45\uc5d0\uc11c \uac00\uc7a5 \uc798 \uc54c\ub824\uc9c4 \uc774\ubbf8\uc9c0\uac00 \ub9ce\uc774 \ud3ec\ud568\ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\uc73c\uba70 \ucd08\uae30 \ud48d\uacbd\ud654 \uc5ed\uc0ac\uc5d0\uc11c \uc911\uc694\ud55c \uc5ed\ud560\uc744 \ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

U\u017cywane ksi\u0119gi godzinek by\u0142y cz\u0119sto modyfikowane dla nowych w\u0142a\u015bcicieli, nawet w\u015br\u00f3d kr\u00f3lik\u00f3w. Po pokonaniu Ryszarda III, Henryk VII przekaza\u0142 ksi\u0119g\u0119 godzinek matce Ryszarda, kt\u00f3ra zmodyfikowa\u0142a j\u0105 tak, aby zawiera\u0142a jego nazwisko. Heraldry by\u0142 zwykle wymazywany lub nadmalowywany przez nowych w\u0142a\u015bcicieli. Wielu z nich ma odr\u0119czne adnotacje, osobiste dodatki i notatki na marginesie, ale niekt\u00f3rzy nowi w\u0142a\u015bciciele zlecili te\u017c nowym rzemie\u015blnikom do\u0142\u0105czenie wi\u0119kszej ilo\u015bci ilustracji lub tekst\u00f3w. Sir Thomas Lewkenor z Trotton zatrudni\u0142 ilustratora, kt\u00f3ry doda\u0142 szczeg\u00f3\u0142y do tego, co obecnie nazywane jest Godzinami Lewkenora. Li\u015bcie niekt\u00f3rych zachowanych ksi\u0105g zawieraj\u0105 notatki z ksi\u0119gowo\u015bci domowej lub zapisy urodze\u0144 i zgon\u00f3w, na wz\u00f3r p\u00f3\u017aniejszych biblii rodzinnych. Niekt\u00f3rzy w\u0142a\u015bciciele zbierali tak\u017ce autografy godnych uwagi os\u00f3b odwiedzaj\u0105cych ich dom. Ksi\u0105\u017ceczki godzinek by\u0142y cz\u0119sto jedyn\u0105 ksi\u0105\u017ck\u0105 w domu i by\u0142y powszechnie u\u017cywane do nauki czytania przez dzieci, czasami mia\u0142y stron\u0119 z alfabetem, kt\u00f3ry mia\u0142 im w tym pom\u00f3c.<\/p>\n

15\uc138\uae30 \ub9d0, \uc778\uc1c4\uc5c5\uc790\ub4e4\uc740 \ubaa9\ud310\ud654 \uc0bd\ud654\uac00 \uc788\ub294 \uc2dc\uac04 \ucc45\uc744 \uc81c\uc791\ud558\uae30 \uc2dc\uc791\ud588\uace0, \ub294 \uad00\ub828 \ubaa9\ud310\ud654 \uae30\ubc95\uc73c\ub85c \uc7a5\uc2dd\ub41c \uc8fc\uc694 \uc791\ud488 \uc911 \ud558\ub098\uc600\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

\ub7ed\uc154\ub9ac \uc544\uc6cc \uae30\ub3c4<\/p>\n

1770\ub144\ub300 \ud6c4\ubc18\uc5d0 \uc81c\uc791\ub41c \uc774 \ud50c\ub791\ub4dc\ub974\uc5b4 \uc2dc\uac04\uc758 \ucc45\uc758 \ud48d\ubd80\ud55c \ud658\uc0c1\uc801\uc778 \ud14c\ub450\ub9ac\ub294 \ub2f9\uc2dc\uc758 \uace0\uae09 \uc11c\uc801\uc758 \uc804\ud615\uc73c\ub85c, \ubaa8\ub4e0 \ud398\uc774\uc9c0\uc5d0 \uc7a5\uc2dd\ub41c \uacbd\uc6b0\uac00 \ub9ce\uc558\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ud14d\uc2a4\ud2b8 \uc601\uc5ed\uc744 \uac00\ub85c\uc9c0\ub974\ub294 \ub098\ube44 \ub0a0\uac1c\ub294 \uadf8 \uc2dc\ub300\uc758 \uc804\ud615\uc801\uc778 \uc2dc\uac01\uc801 \uad00\uc2b5\uc744 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud55c \ub180\uc774\uc758 \uc608\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

(\uc2dd\ubb3c\uc5d0\ub294 \ubca0\ub85c\ub2c8\uce74, \ube48\uce74, \ube44\uc62c\ub77c \uc0bc\uc0c9, \ubca8\ub9ac\uc2a4 \ud398\ub808\ub2c8\uc2a4, \uccbc\ub9ac\ub3c4\ub2c8\uc6c0 \ub9c8\uc8fc\uc2a4\uac00 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub098\ube44\ub294 \uc544\uae00\ub77c\uc774 \uc6b0\ud2f0\uce74\uc5d0\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub77c\ud2f4\uc5b4 \ud14d\uc2a4\ud2b8\ub294 \uc131 \ud06c\ub9ac\uc2a4\ud1a0\ud37c\uc5d0\uac8c \ud5cc\uc815\ub418\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4).
\n14\uc138\uae30\uc5d0 \uc774\ub974\ub7ec\uc11c\ub294 \uc2dc\ud3b8\uc774 \ud654\ub824\ud55c \uc870\uba85\uc744 \uc704\ud55c \uac00\uc7a5 \uc77c\ubc18\uc801\uc778 \uc218\ub2e8\uc73c\ub85c \uc790\ub9ac \uc7a1\uc558\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774\ub294 \ubd80\ubd84\uc801\uc73c\ub85c\ub294 \uc218\ub3c4\uc6d0 \uc131\uc9c1\uc790\uac00 \uc544\ub2cc \ud3c9\uc2e0\ub3c4\ub4e4\uc774 \uc758\ub8b0\ud558\uace0 \uc81c\uc791\ud558\ub294 \uc77c\ub8e8\ubbf8\ub124\uc774\uc158\uc774 \uc810\uc810 \ub354 \uc6b0\uc138\ud574\uc84c\uc74c\uc744 \ubc18\uc601\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc774\uae30\ub3c4 \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. 14\uc138\uae30 \ud6c4\ubc18\ubd80\ud130 \ub9ce\uc740 \uc655\uc2e4 \uc778\uc0ac\ub4e4\uc774 \uc7a5\uc2dd\uc744 \uc704\ud574 \ud638\ud654\ub85c\uc6b4 \uc870\uba85 \uc0ac\ubcf8\uc744 \uc218\uc9d1\ud558\uae30 \uc2dc\uc791\ud588\uace0, \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \uacbd\ud5a5\uc740 \ud504\ub791\uc2a4\uc640 \ubd80\ub974\uace0\ub274\uc758 \ubc1c\ub85c\uc544 \uad81\uc815\ubfd0\ub9cc \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c \uc2e0\uc131\ub85c\ub9c8\uc81c\uad6d \ud669\uc81c \uce74\ub97c 4\uc138\uc640 \uc774\ud6c4 \ubc14\uce28\ub77c\ud504 \ud669\uc81c\uc758 \ud504\ub77c\ud558\uae4c\uc9c0 \uc720\ub7fd \uc804\uc5ed\uc73c\ub85c \ud37c\uc838\ub098\uac14\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ud55c \uc138\ub300 \ud6c4, \ubd80\ub974\uace0\ub274\uc758 \ud544\ub9bd \ub3c4\ube0c\ub85c \uacf5\uc791\uc740 \uac00\uc7a5 \uc911\uc694\ud55c \uc6d0\uace0 \uc218\uc9d1\uac00\uc600\uc73c\uba70 \uadf8\uc758 \uce21\uadfc \uc911 \uba87\uba87\ub3c4 \uc6d0\uace0\ub97c \uc218\uc9d1\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774 \uc2dc\uae30\uc5d0 \ud50c\ub791\ub4dc\ub974\uc758 \ub3c4\uc2dc\ub4e4\uc740 \ud30c\ub9ac\ub97c \uc81c\uce58\uace0 \uacc4\ubabd\uc8fc\uc758\uc758 \uc8fc\ub3c4 \uc138\ub825\uc774 \ub418\uc5c8\uc73c\uba70, 16\uc138\uae30 \ucd08 \uacc4\ubabd\uc8fc\uc758 \uc0ac\ubcf8\uc774 \uc18c\uba78\ud560 \ub54c\uae4c\uc9c0 \uadf8 \uc704\uce58\ub97c \uc720\uc9c0\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

\ubaa8\ub4e0 \uc218\uc9d1\uac00 \uc911 \uac00\uc7a5 \uc720\uba85\ud55c \ud504\ub791\uc2a4 \ubca0\ub9ac \uacf5\uc791 \uc874(1340-1416)\uc740 \uc5ec\ub7ec \uac1c\uc758 \uc2dc\uac04 \ucc45\uc744 \uc18c\uc720\ud588\ub294\ub370, \uadf8\uc911 \uac00\uc7a5 \uc720\uba85\ud55c \uc791\ud488\uc778 \ud2b8\ub808\uc2a4 \ub9ac\uc288 \ub4a4 \ub4c0\ud06c \ub4dc \ubca0\ub9ac(Tr\u00e8s Riches Heures du Duc de Berry)\ub97c \ud3ec\ud568\ud558\uc5ec \uc77c\ubd80\uac00 \ub0a8\uc544 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774\ub4e4\uc740 1410\ub144\uacbd \ub9bc\ubd80\ub974 \ud615\uc81c\uc5d0 \uc758\ud574 \uc2dc\uc791\ub418\uc5c8\uc9c0\ub9cc \uc644\uc131\ub418\uc9c0\ub294 \ubabb\ud588\uace0, \ub2e4\ub978 \uc608\uc220\uac00\ub4e4\uacfc \uc18c\uc720\uc8fc\ub4e4\uc5d0 \uc758\ud574 \uc218\uc2ed \ub144 \ub3d9\uc548 \uc7a5\uc2dd\uc774 \uacc4\uc18d\ub418\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ubca0\ub9ac\uc758 \uc18c\uc720\ub97c \uac70\uccd0 \uac04 \ud1a0\ub9ac\ub178-\ubc00\ub77c\ub178 \uc544\uc6cc\ub3c4 \ub9c8\ucc2c\uac00\uc9c0\uc600\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

15\uc138\uae30 \uc911\ubc18\uc5d0\ub294 \ud6e8\uc52c \ub354 \ub9ce\uc740 \uadc0\uc871\uacfc \ubd80\uc720\ud55c \uc0ac\uc5c5\uac00\ub4e4\uc774 \uace0\ub3c4\ub85c \uc7a5\uc2dd\ub41c, \uc885\uc885 \uc791\uc740 \ud06c\uae30\uc758 \ucc45\uc744 \uc8fc\ubb38\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uac8c \ub418\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc778\uc1c4\uc220\uc774 \ub4f1\uc7a5\ud558\uba74\uc11c \uc2dc\uc7a5\uc740 \uae09\uaca9\ud788 \ucd95\uc18c\ub418\uc5c8\uace0, 1500\ub144\uc5d0 \uc774\ub974\ub7ec \ucd5c\uace0 \ud488\uc9c8\uc758 \ucc45\uc740 \ub2e4\uc2dc \uc655\uc871\uc774\ub098 \ub300\uaddc\ubaa8 \uc218\uc9d1\uac00\ub4e4\ub9cc\uc744 \uc704\ud574 \uc81c\uc791\ub418\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub9c8\uc9c0\ub9c9 \ub300\ud615 \ud544\uc0ac\ubcf8 \uc870\uba85 \ucc45 \uc911 \ud558\ub098\ub294 1546\ub144 \ub85c\ub9c8\uc758 \uc54c\ub808\uc0b0\ub4dc\ub85c \ud30c\ub974\ub124\uc138 \ucd94\uae30\uacbd\uc744 \uc704\ud574 \uc644\uc131\ud55c '\ud30c\ub974\ub124\uc138\uc758 \uc2dc\uac04'\uc73c\ub85c, \uc904\ub9ac\uc624 \ud074\ub85c\ube44\uc624\uac00 \ub9c8\uc9c0\ub9c9 \ub300\ud615 \ud544\uc0ac\ubcf8 \uc870\uba85 \uc81c\uc791\uc790\uc774\uae30\ub3c4 \ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Modlitwy wypowiadane w okre\u015blonych porach dnia w r\u00f3\u017cnych wyznaniach chrze\u015bcija\u0144skich. Na pocz\u0105tku XV-wiecznej francuskiej ksi\u0119gi godzinek (MS13, Society of Antiquaries of London), otwartej na ilustracj\u0119 „Adoracji Mag\u00f3w”. Przekazana Towarzystwu w 1769 r. przez ks. Charlesa Lyttletona, biskupa Carlisle i prezesa Towarzystwa (1765-8). Godzinki s\u0105 popularn\u0105 w \u015bredniowieczu chrze\u015bcija\u0144sk\u0105 ksi\u0119g\u0105 dewocyjn\u0105. Jest to najcz\u0119stszy rodzaj zachowanego …<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1805,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[54],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1803","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-modlitwa"],"yoast_head":"\nGodzinki - Jak si\u0119 modli\u0107 - Chrystus<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Modlitwy wypowiadane w okre\u015blonych porach dnia w r\u00f3\u017cnych wyznaniach chrze\u015bcija\u0144skich. 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